GUM (Russian: ГУМ, pronounced, an abbreviation of Russian: Главный универсальный магазин, tr. Glávnyj Universáľnyj Magazín, literally "Main Universal Store") is the main department store in many cities of the former Soviet Union, known as State Department Store (Russian: Государственный универсальный магазин, tr FSMB Annual Meeting. Join us in celebrating our th Annual Meeting in beautiful New Orleans April , Register Now GUM (Russian: ГУМ, pronounced, an abbreviation of Russian: Главный универсальный магазин, tr. Glávnyj Universáľnyj Magazín, literally "Main Universal Store") is the main department store in many cities of the former Soviet Union, known as State Department Store (Russian: Государственный универсальный магазин, tr
GUM (department store) - Wikipedia
GUM Russian : ГУМpronounced [ˈɡum]an abbreviation of Russian: Главный универсальный магазинtr. Glávnyj Universáľnyj Magazínliterally "Main Universal Store" is the main department store in many cities of the former Soviet Unionknown as State Department Store Russian: Государственный универсальный магазинtr.
Gosudárstvennyj Universáľnyj Magazín during the Soviet era until Similarly-named stores operated in some Soviet republics and in post-Soviet states.
The most famous GUM is the large store facing Red Square in the Kitai-gorod area — itself traditionally a trading center of Moscow. As of [update]the building functions as a shopping mall. Before the s the location was known as the Upper Trading Rows Russian: Верхние торговые рядыtr, dissertation org ua. Verhnije torgovye rjady. As ofGUM carries over different brands, [1] and has cafes and restaurants [2] inside the mall.
With the façade extending for m ft along the eastern side of Red Square, the Upper Trading Rows were built between and by Alexander Pomerantsev responsible for architecture and Vladimir Shukhov responsible for engineering. The trapezoidal building features a combination of elements of Russian medieval architecture and a steel framework and glass roof, a similar style to the great 19th-century railway stations of London.
William Craft Brumfield described the GUM building as "a tribute both to Shukhov's design and to the technical proficiency of Russian architecture toward the end of the 19th century". The glass-roofed design made the building unique at the time of construction.
The roof, the diameter of which is 14 m 46 ftlooks light, but it is a firm construction made of more than 50, dissertation org ua, metal pods dissertation org ua t short tonscapable of supporting snowfall accumulation. Illumination is provided by huge arched skylights of iron and glass, each weighing some t short tons and containing in excess of 20, panes of glass. The facade is divided into several horizontal tiers, lined with red Finnish granite, dissertation org ua, Tarusa marble, and limestone.
Each arcade is on three levels, linked by walkways of reinforced concrete, dissertation org ua. Catherine II of Russia commissioned Giacomo Quarenghia Neoclassical dissertation org ua from Italy, to design a huge trade center along the east side of Red Square.
However, that building was lost to the Fire of Moscow and replaced by trading rows designed by Joseph Bove. In turn, the current structure replaced Bove's. By the time of the Russian Revolution ofthe building dissertation org ua some 1, stores. After the Revolution, the GUM dissertation org ua nationalized. During the NEP period —28however, GUM as a State Department Store operated as a model retail enterprise for consumers throughout Russia regardless of class, gender, and ethnicity.
GUM's stores were used to further Bolshevik goals of rebuilding private enterprise along socialist lines and "democratizing consumption for workers and peasants nationwide". In the end, GUM's efforts to build communism through consumerism were unsuccessful and arguably "only succeeded in alienating consumers from state stores and instituting a culture of complaint and entitlement", dissertation org ua.
GUM continued to be used as a department store until Joseph Stalin converted it into office space in for the committee in charge of his first Five Year Plan. After reopening as dissertation org ua department store inthe GUM became one of the few stores in the Soviet Union that did not have shortages of consumer goods, and the queues of shoppers were long, often extending entirely across Red Square.
Several times during the s and s, the Second Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Suslovwho hated the idea of having a Department store across the Mausoleum of Dissertation org ua, tried to convert GUM into a Exhibition hall and Museum showcasing the achievements of the Soviet Union and Communism, without the knowledge of General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev. Each time however, Brezhnev was tipped off and put a stop to such plans.
At the end of the Soviet era, GUM was partially, then fully privatized, and it had a number of owners before it ended up being owned by the supermarket company Perekryostok, dissertation org ua. In Maya As a private shopping mall, it was renamed in such a fashion that it could maintain its old abbreviation and thus still be called GUM. However, the first word Gosudarstvennyi "state" has been replaced with Glavnyi "main"so that GUM is now an abbreviation for "Main Universal Store", dissertation org ua.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Russian department store. Retrieved The Dissertation org ua of Modernism in Russian Architecture. Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford: University of California Press.
ISBN Верхние торговые ряды на Красной площади в Москве. Russian Educational Portal. Archived from the original on 4 March Retrieved 20 April Journal of Social History. Oxford University Press. doi : ISSN Official GUM website, dissertation org ua. Jew Observer. Retrieved 28 February Authority control. Integrated Authority File Germany VIAF 1 WorldCat.
United States. Categories : Department stores of Russia Department stores of the Soviet Union Buildings and structures in Moscow Roof structures by Vladimir Shukhov Tourist attractions in Moscow Soviet brands Commercial buildings completed in Shopping malls established in Red Square Cultural heritage monuments in Moscow. Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Dissertation org ua View history.
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GUM (Russian: ГУМ, pronounced, an abbreviation of Russian: Главный универсальный магазин, tr. Glávnyj Universáľnyj Magazín, literally "Main Universal Store") is the main department store in many cities of the former Soviet Union, known as State Department Store (Russian: Государственный универсальный магазин, tr FSMB Annual Meeting. Join us in celebrating our th Annual Meeting in beautiful New Orleans April , Register Now GUM (Russian: ГУМ, pronounced, an abbreviation of Russian: Главный универсальный магазин, tr. Glávnyj Universáľnyj Magazín, literally "Main Universal Store") is the main department store in many cities of the former Soviet Union, known as State Department Store (Russian: Государственный универсальный магазин, tr
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