Jul 28, · Research is an important means of finding effective ways to lessen the burden of disease. Most research into autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been conducted in affluent English-speaking countries, which have extensive professional support services 1. Initial research on autism diagnosis and service delivery in developing countries has suggested that diagnosis can be a cumbersome and Jan 16, · Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a biologically based neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in two major domains: 1) deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and blogger.com by: 14 Jan 25, · Autism spectrum disorders, abbreviated ASDs refer to a group of disabilities that occur during development causing a significant communication, social and behavioral challenges. People suffering from ASDs manage information in the brain in a different way than how other people manage the information (Lord, Cook, Leventhal, & Amaral, ).Estimated Reading Time: 7 mins
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Literature Review Example
Autism spectrum disorder ASD is quite a wide-spread and complex health problem. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening all children for autism. In some cases, autism symptoms are not severe, but some patients cannot lead a standard lifestyle.
Although the signs might manifest themselves at any age, they typically appear during the first year of life. It is a lifelong disorder that can be alleviated but not cured. The disorder has been known under its name for more than a century. But some examples of autistic behavior had appeared in literature long before scientists named it.
For instance, The Table Talk of Martin Luther describes a year-old boy who has definite autistic symptoms. There are other examples of specific connections between autism and English literature. An Austrian-American psychiatrist Leo Kanner was the one to use this term in a medical report. That usage dates back to when Kanner described 11 children with peculiar behavioral features. After years of research and examinations, Kanner published his thesis on autism in The paper described various cases, including those 11 children with a common unusual behavioral model.
Among other symptoms, children showed unsociability. They preferred to stay alone, isolated from the crowd. Over the past decades, literature review autism spectrum disorder, numerous autism research paper topics were developed. The scholars tried to determine the causes and consequences of the disorder and possible ways to deal with it. At first, professionals were unable to differentiate autism from childhood schizophrenia. A checklist for diagnosing autism appeared in That update of the literature review autism spectrum disorder helped to reach consensus among scientists, psychiatrists, physicians, and other specialists across the globe.
Till there was little to no evidence that autism was a genetic disease. Nowadays, scientists claim that autism is one of the most heritable psychiatric conditions. Adults with the disorder need to pay special attention to child planning, as there is a high risk that their kids would have autistic symptoms, too.
The development of Internet communication has played a significant role in helping autistic individuals. It enables them to bypass nonverbal cues that people typically use in person. Moreover, there are many online communities for individuals with ASD. The members can support each other, share insights and tips, etc. Scientists estimate that every th American suffers from an autism spectrum disorder. This means that 2. The number of reported cases of ASD increased significantly over the past years.
Some factors literature review autism spectrum disorder explain that fact are improved diagnostic techniques, increased availability of services, public awareness, environmental problems, etc. This is a global tendency.
As ofautism affected nearly 25 million people on our planet. They all have slightly different symptoms of unequal severity, literature review autism spectrum disorder. Doctors diagnose the disorder by observing human behavior and development.
ASD can usually be reliably diagnosed in young children. The first diagnostic tests typically happen before a child reaches the age of one. Caregivers must request a test as soon as possible so that they can start adequate treatment in time. The role of caregivers in the screening process for young children is vital. Children with some developmental problems in the screening process undergo the second stage literature review autism spectrum disorder assessment.
It may include:. That evaluation gives an assessment of cognitive level, language skills, literature review autism spectrum disorder, age-appropriate skills necessary for daily activities eating, clothing, etc.
Since Literature review autism spectrum disorder is a complex disorder that might co-occur with other diseases, a general assessment may include:. ASD influences almost every person that closely communicates with the patient.
The family of a child with ASD needs to adapt to the new reality and act according to reasonable recommendations. For most parents, it might be a challenge to bring up a kid with autism. For children themselves, simple day-to-day interactions might be problematic.
Thus, families of autistic people experience significant stressful effects. Let us consider them in more detail. Communicative and social deficiencies are common symptoms of ASD. An autist can struggle to build friendly relationships both with strangers and with their own family members.
What is more, children with autism sometimes show such behavioral problems as hysteria, self-harm, and general aggression. These symptoms can be challenging to deal with. On the other hand, most children with autism tend to prefer a well-structured way of life. They literature review autism spectrum disorder stability and get distressed with any kind of surprise. Developing routines is a vital component of comfortable living for an autistic child.
It may also limit some activities typical of other families. For example, families with autistic children rarely participate in spontaneous or non-standard events. Various festivals, active celebrations, unplanned outings, and trips are unthinkable for many ASD patients.
Most autistic children are reported to look attractive. Consequently, those unaware of the disorder often attempt to establish contact with the child. This results in unexpected stress and anxiety for children, and an unpleasant awkwardness for the observer. Summing up the issues described, families with autistic children may become somewhat isolated from society. Once a child is diagnosed with ASD, their parents should begin self-education on the topic. It is vital to ensure reduced stress and improved life quality for all family members.
Adequate treatment should start as soon as possible. Early measures against ASD is so important because proper care can reduce further difficulties.
Parents need to help their children learn new skills in a particular way. A playful form of interaction is advisable for all children. That might be even more important for children with autism. Autistic children need more social distancing, calm way of speech, etc. Parents need to be aware of the peculiar perception patterns of their children, literature review autism spectrum disorder.
Children with ASD require even more patience and understanding than others. Moreover, the so-called emotional intelligence is what most autistic patients have difficulties with. In most cases, young children are unable to consciously modify their behavior just yet. One of the tasks for parents is to teach them to do so. It takes a lot of explanations, special games, educative activities, literature review autism spectrum disorder, and so on.
Luckily, in the age of technological progress, literature review autism spectrum disorder, there are various technologies to help parents in this. For example, some gadgets and smart toys are designed especially for the needs of autistic children.
Some companies release applications that help autistic kids learn new facts and even skills. Plentiful interactive games, videos, and podcasts are available online. Thanks to online communities, parents of children with ASD worldwide can share their best practices. If a related question arises, there is always an opportunity to ask other parents for online advice. A wide range of symptoms of ASD means that there is no single best strategy to reduce stress for families.
Close collaboration with healthcare professionals helps to develop an appropriate plan. Families with autistic children need to find their balance between social interactions and reasonable isolation.
This will help them avoid persisting nervousness, low self-esteem, repeated conflicts, and depression. Social support is of prime importance for families dealing with ASD.
They always have to combat such problems as irritability, aggression, attention issues, anxiety, and more.
Thus, adequate support from communities is welcome. There are numerous forms of social support, including:. Societal and cultural aspects of autism vary greatly in different cases. Some people seek increased understanding and support in the community. Others do not want to stand out and believe that autism is not more than a slightly modified literature review autism spectrum disorder of being. In any case, those involved in communication with families dealing with ASD should practice empathy and compassion.
Should it be necessary, they can show their feelings and support actively. Otherwise, it is usually appropriate to treat interlocutors as equals who do not have many differences. All in all, every situation is unique and requires accurate consideration. Autism spectrum disorder affects millions of people all over the world.
An Introduction to Autism and the Autism Spectrum
, time: 45:24Reading in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review
The explosion of instances of autism and the spectrum of autism disorders over the course of the past decade have raised many concerns in the minds of professionals and the general public. There have been concerns ranging from the consumption of nutrients in a pregnant woman’s diet to concerns about the vaccinations that infants are receiving and whether or not this is causing the autism development Jul 28, · Research is an important means of finding effective ways to lessen the burden of disease. Most research into autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been conducted in affluent English-speaking countries, which have extensive professional support services 1. Initial research on autism diagnosis and service delivery in developing countries has suggested that diagnosis can be a cumbersome and Jan 28, · Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a lack of social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication in the first 3 years of life. The distinctive social behaviors include an avoidance of eye contact, problems with emotional control or understanding the emotions of others, and a markedly restricted range of activities and interests [ 1 ].Cited by:
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