Reconstruction and the New South, – Reconstruction, –77 Reconstruction under Abraham Lincoln. The original Northern objective in the Civil War was the preservation of the Union—a war aim with which virtually everybody in the free states agreed. As the fighting progressed, the Lincoln government concluded that emancipation of enslaved people was necessary in order to secure The reconstruction of New Orleans refers to the rebuilding process endured by the city of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina destroyed much of the city on August 29, The storm caused levees to fail, releasing tens of billions of gallons of blogger.com levee failure contributed to extensive flooding in the New Orleans area and surrounding parishes Apr 02, · In South Carolina, for example, the state university that had been integrated during Reconstruction (indeed, Harvard’s first black college graduate, Richard T.
How Reconstruction Still Shapes Racism in America | Time
The reconstruction of New Orleans refers to the rebuilding process endured by the city of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina destroyed much of the city on August 29, The storm caused levees to failreleasing tens of billions of gallons of water. The levee failure contributed to extensive flooding in the New Orleans area and surrounding parishes. Overhomes were damaged or destroyed, and more thancitizens displaced — the greatest displacement in the United States since the Dust Bowl of the s.
Reconstruction was hindered by bureaucratic problems and funding issues with the U. Army Corps of Engineers and the Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA. Relief agencies provided supplemental relief.
By mid-Junethe city was again hosting conventions and promoting tourism. Residents were authorized to return to examine homes after the storm on Monday, reconstruction policy in the south, September 5, reconstruction policy in the south, In downtown New Orleans, several places were indeed producing power.
Due to contaminated water and uninhabitable conditions, the Mayor reconstruction policy in the south that all citizens be evacuated by September 6. The Corps of Engineers repaired the 55 levee breaches including the Industrial Canal17th Street Canaland London Avenue Canal since shortly after the storm, and continues to work on mitigating the risk posed by flooding.
Testing found the flood waters were not unusual. The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality and the U, reconstruction policy in the south. Environmental Protection Agency EPA in March declared all parts of New Orleans safe; no soil was contaminated and the air quality was pure. Water and sewage services were gradually restored. The first section of the city to have a "boil water" order lifted was in the high ground of the old crescent along the River from the French Quarter to old Carrollton on 6 October The last section of the city to have such an order lifted a section of the Lower 9th Ward was on 9 October Some people, including Speaker of the House Dennis Hastertreconstruction policy in the south whether federal funds should pay to rebuild New Orleans.
Others consider Reconstruction policy in the south Orleans's unique cultural heritage and history to be as important to the United States as, for instance, Venice is to Italy; they maintain that to not rebuild and reoccupy the city would be an immeasurable loss in that regard. The Times-Picayune ran a front-page editorial arguing for national help. She argued that the federal government should either earmark some of that income for such projects or allow Louisiana to keep a significant portion of that revenue so the state could take care of its needs itself.
If New Orleans is not rebuilt, reconstruction policy in the south, it will sink. They need to rebuild New Orleans. The planning of cities in the face of disaster natural and political must reach beyond the band-aid of short-term recovery. Disaster offers a unique opportunity to rethink the planning and politics of our metro-regional areas — it is a chance to redefine our cities and to reassert values of environmental care and social justice, of community building and especially of helping the poor with programs for quality, affordable, and sustainable housing.
As lead planners for District 4, the district that includes the "largest concentration of public housing in the city" Iberville, St. Bernard, Lafitte, and B. CooperSchwartz challenged his team to make "every effort to involve the residents and the community in the planning effort," while ensuring that the design of the new housing "could maintain the look and feel reconstruction policy in the south surrounding neighborhoods with a mix of both modern interpretation of historic typologies and new urbanist models.
Relief agencies helped many returnees. The American Red Cross made a belated but nonetheless significant entry into the city in mid-September; and by the start of October had a number of relief centers set up around the city. These provided hot meals, packaged reconstruction policy in the south, bottled water and other supplies like diapers, mops, and dust masks. The Salvation Army also had many stations giving food. Temporary free clinics provided some medical care. Towards the end ofthe relief centers were wound down, starting with those in functioning parts of the city.
Red Cross meals continued at a much smaller scale into from trucks traveling around the worst-hit and poorest neighborhoods. The Southern Baptist Convention sent feeding units to New Orleans and the Mississippi Gulf Coast the day after Katrina struck New Orleans. Since this time, the Southern Baptist Convention through its North American Mission Board established an ongoing project called Operation Noah Rebuild, not to be confused with the Operation Noah sponsored by the City of New Orleans which has hosted thousands of volunteers and teams from all over the United States.
The volunteer teams helped in the reconstruction efforts in New Orleans and the surrounding parishes. First Baptist Church of New Orleans worked hand-in-hand with Habitat for Humanity with the Baptist Crossroads Project, in an effort to rebuild homes in the Upper Ninth Ward, reconstruction policy in the south.
Food Not Bombs was active in providing food early after the disaster. A community kitchen was set up first in Washington Square in Faubourg Marigny ; after a few months it was moved to a park by Bayou St.
John before being closed down. A number of church groups and smaller charities set up aid for a time. Common Ground Collective had two relief centers in the Ninth Ward of New Orleansproviding food, clothing, and a tool library. The larger center was in the Upper 9th Ward, with a smaller one in the worst hit part of the Lower 9th Ward. They also helped gutting houses. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints began bringing in load after load of food and water for local members and residents to several areas of the city.
Thousands of church members came in on rotating weekends to help clean up debris, gut houses and cut up fallen trees all over the city. In addition to the home repairs, reconstruction policy in the south, the church full-time counselors were available to provide mental health assistance; and church employment centers — offices that aid with finding jobs — opened their doors to everyone, regardless of religion.
Habitat for Humanity has been active in building homes at an accelerated pace since the storm. Initially, the organization had volunteers gutting homes; but since returned to its primary mission of fighting poverty housing. Catholic Charities also was very active with volunteers repairing damaged houses and churches throughout the area. Camp Hope in Violet, reconstruction policy in the south, LA housed volunteers in the Hurricane Katrina recovery effort of St. Bernard Parish since June 1, Build Now is a non-profit organization that played an active part in bringing New Orleans families back home.
The non-profit, a licensed and insured residential contractor, constructed site-built, elevated reconstruction policy in the south on hurricane-damaged lots. The homes reflect the style and quality of traditional New Orleans [ citation needed ] architecture. Build Now brought more than a dozen New Orleans families back home, including construction around the Lakeview, Gentilly and the Upper and Lower Ninth Ward areas.
The organization moved New Orleans families back home since beginning operations in In The foundation held an auction to benefit musicians affected by Hurricane Katrina [4] Thanks to the generosity of the foundation's chairwoman, Ms.
Agnes Varis[5] they were able to create employment programs which have made it possible to keep the artists and their music alive in New Orleans.
Repopulating the city has been steady but gradual, with neither the rapid return of most evacuees hoped for by some optimists nor the long term " ghost town " desertion of the city feared by some pessimists.
Even inmany homes and homeowners were still devastated. Some organizations, like the statewide Louisiana Disaster Relief Foundation or the neighborhood-based United Saints Recovery Project are still working to provide support to homeowners in rebuilding their homes. The areas with little or no flooding were the first to be officially reopened, have utilities restored, and a sizable portion of residents and businesses return.
Flooded-out areas presented more problems. The city had no comprehensive plan for what to do about flooded areas. Thousands of property owners have been gutting and repairing their property, reconstruction policy in the south, some in the lowest lying areas of town.
Contractors and workers from out-of-state and other countries came in great numbers doing demolition and reconstruction work, some filling hotels and rental property, others living in trailers and tent cities set up in city parks and parking lots. Sportscaster Mike Tirico incorrectly generalized on Monday Night Football in Septembersome areas, like the Lower Ninth Ward and Gentillystill looked as badly damaged as the day the storm passed through. However, in each of those neighborhoods thousands of truckloads of debris were removed, hundreds of unsalvageable houses demolished, and work on gutting and repairs has been constant since the city has reopened.
Hundreds, if not thousands, of New Orleanians lived in the largely intact upper stories of their homes while the flood damaged downstairs got repaired, often being stripped to the wall studs in the process. The U, reconstruction policy in the south. Army Corps of Engineers set up the "Blue Roof Program" of putting blue tarps over damaged roofs. The tarps kept out rain until more permanent roof repairs could be made.
Thousands of blue tarps were seen throughout the city; however, a number of official restrictions meant some residents were unable to benefit from this recovery program. Likewise, a number of subcontractors paid by the Corps only did "easy" low-pitch one-story roofs, choosing not to return to do more difficult roofs. Among the popular handouts at Red Cross relief stations were 5-gallon buckets, many put to use as rain catchers.
Six months after the storm, many of the hastily placed blue roof tarps were in tatters, leaving those homes vulnerable again. Many people did not succeed in getting permanent roof repairs from such reasons as long waiting lists for reliable contractors and waits for insurance payment. Seven months after the storm, two-thirds of the requested FEMA trailers designed for short term emergency housing immediately after a disaster had been delivered.
Many of these trailers, however, could not be occupied or, if occupied, were not properly functional. Delays of weeks or months in hooking up electricity and water to trailers were common, and mechanical and bureaucratic problems prevented use of the trailers. In Junethe State of Louisiana finally awarded a contract to DRC, Inc. of Mobile, Alabama to remove thousands of abandoned cars strewn throughout New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.
Reconstruction reconstruction policy in the south been easiest and quickest in the areas least damaged by the storm, mostly corresponding to the parts of the city developed before about These areas were built on naturally higher ground along the River front such as Old Carrollton, Uptown, the Old Warehouse District, the French QuarterOld Marigny, and Bywateralong with areas along natural ridges such as Esplanade Ridge, Bayou St.
John, Gentilly Ridge. Most of these older areas had no flooding at all or escaped serious flooding because of the raised design of older architecture which prevented floodwaters from entering homes. Another high area, much of which escaped serious flooding, was the set of Lake Shore developments between Lake Pontchartrain and Robert E.
Lee Boulevard, built at a higher level than nearby land from midth century dredging. Due to the direction of the storm and the movement of storm surge, the West Bank section of the city, Algiers was spared flooding and became the first part of the city itself to officially reopen to residents, reconstruction policy in the south.
In neighboring Jefferson Parishthe West Bank communities were similarly spared all but some wind damage with a few spots of minor rain-generated flooding. On the East Bank, while parts of Metairie and other Jefferson communities experienced some flooding, due to lack of levee breaches this was much less severe than across the Parish line in Orleans or the devastation of the Fort Lauderdale Hurricane which flooded most of Jefferson's East Bank.
Reconstruction of each section of the area has been addressed in the Army Corps LACPR Final Technical Report which identifies areas to not be rebuilt and areas buildings need to be elevated. The Corps of Engineers will submit the report to Congress for consideration, planning, and response in mid A larger percentage of white residents returned to their homes than did black residents.
This was attributed to an unwillingness of planners to rebuild low-income housing.
Reconstruction and 1876: Crash Course US History #22
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The reconstruction of New Orleans refers to the rebuilding process endured by the city of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina destroyed much of the city on August 29, The storm caused levees to fail, releasing tens of billions of gallons of blogger.com levee failure contributed to extensive flooding in the New Orleans area and surrounding parishes Apr 02, · In South Carolina, for example, the state university that had been integrated during Reconstruction (indeed, Harvard’s first black college graduate, Richard T. Reconstruction and the New South, – Reconstruction, –77 Reconstruction under Abraham Lincoln. The original Northern objective in the Civil War was the preservation of the Union—a war aim with which virtually everybody in the free states agreed. As the fighting progressed, the Lincoln government concluded that emancipation of enslaved people was necessary in order to secure
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